What describes the pathophysiology of heart failure?

The pathophysiology of heart failure primarily involves the heart's inability to pump blood effectively. This compromised function causes a range of physiological changes, leading to an inadequate circulation of blood to meet the body's needs. As a result, fluid begins to accumulate in various parts of the body, particularly in the lungs, causing congestion. This fluid buildup can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and abdomen.

In heart failure, the weakened heart does not provide sufficient blood flow, which prompts compensatory mechanisms such as fluid retention and increased heart rates. However, despite these compensatory responses, the underlying issue remains the heart's diminished ability to perform its primary role — effective pumping — creating a cycle that can worsen the condition over time. Therefore, the description accurately captures the essence of heart failure pathology, highlighting the critical aspect of ineffective blood pumping and consequent fluid overload.